home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=94TT1634>
- <title>
- Nov. 28, 1994: Medicine:Hope for Unhealthy Hearts
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Nov. 28, 1994 Star Trek
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 67
- Hope for Unhealthy Hearts
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> A seminal Scandinavian study shows that powerful new drug treatments
- are safe and really do save lives
- </p>
- <p>By J. Madeleine Nash/Dallas
- </p>
- <p> Doctors have long known about the link between heart disease,
- America's No. 1 killer, and high levels of cholesterol in the
- blood. Yet physicians have been reluctant to treat patients
- with drugs that lower cholesterol. Not only are the medications
- expensive (as much as $1,000 a year), but they also have been
- dogged by an inexplicable anomaly: in studies of patients who
- take them, declines in fatal heart attacks have been offset
- by a mysterious rise in deaths from other causes. As attractive
- as the cholesterol-reducing pills might seem, nobody had yet
- proved that they actually save lives.
- </p>
- <p> Until now. Last week at the American Heart Association meeting
- in Dallas, a team of Scandinavian scientists presented results
- of such stunning clarity that doubts about cholesterol drugs
- may finally be put to rest. In a trial involving nearly 4,500
- patients, a drug called simvastatin not only cut harmful cholesterol
- 35% but also reduced the death rate (compared with a control
- group) 30%. "This is a seminal study," says Dr. Suzanne Oparil,
- president of the American Heart Association. "It has profound
- implications for the practice of medicine."
- </p>
- <p> Today most heart disease is treated as though it were primarily
- a mechanical malfunction. Clogged arteries are either reopened
- with the equivalent of a plumber's snake or bypassed by vessels
- borrowed from other parts of the body. But while such heroic
- measures can relieve pain and reduce debilitating fatigue, they
- generally forestall death for only a few years.
- </p>
- <p> The more promising approach is to attack the root cause of heart
- disease: the family of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol through
- the bloodstream. There are two main kinds of lipoproteins: high
- density ("good") and low density ("bad.") As the bad lipoproteins
- travel through the body, they tear at arterial walls, forming
- a fat-filled scar tissue called plaque. Remove the irritants,
- and the arteries begin to heal.
- </p>
- <p> Unfortunately, standard low-fat diets have only a modest effect
- on most people's blood-cholesterol levels, and, until recently,
- drugs were not much better. That changed in 1987, when the first
- of a new class of compounds--called statins--was approved
- for use in the U.S. Statins reduce cholesterol by blocking production
- of a key enzyme needed to manufacture lipoproteins. Scientists
- predicted that if a drug like simvastatin were put to a long-term
- test, it would reduce death rates by one-third.
- </p>
- <p> Which is precisely what happened. The subjects of the Scandinavian
- study--all of them heart-disease patients--were advised
- to stop smoking and follow sensible diets. In addition, half
- received daily doses of simvastatin, while the rest took a placebo.
- The effects were striking. Patients who took the drug registered
- a 35% drop in levels of bad cholesterol and an 8% rise in good.They
- also required fewer hospitalizations and surgical procedures.
- Best of all, they experienced 42% fewer deaths from heart disease
- and no increase in deaths from other causes.
- </p>
- <p> Merck & Co., which markets simvastatin under the brand name
- Zocor (and which funded the study), is expected to enjoy a boost
- in sales, as will other drug companies that offer competing
- products. "Anything that lowers cholesterol will produce the
- same effect," says Dr. Lance Gould of the University of Texas
- medical school in Houston. As if to underscore that point, a
- separate study released last week showed that a combination
- of estrogen and a new form of progesterone can cut cholesterol
- levels and reduce the risk of heart disease among postmenopausal
- women as much as 25%--without serious side effects.
- </p>
- <p> Not everyone with high cholesterol is a good candidate for drug
- therapy. Otherwise healthy people over the age of 70, a group
- of experts recently concluded, are not likely to benefit from
- a rigorous cholesterol-lowering regimen. But for people at high
- risk of dying from heart disease--especially the 1.5 million
- Americans who will suffer heart attacks this year--the new
- cholesterol-lowering drugs may mean the difference between life
- and death.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-